Typhoid Vaccine
- Atc Codes:J07AP
Table of contents
- Brand Names
- Pharmacologic Category
- Mechanism of Action
- Therapeutic Use
- Pregnancy and Lactation Implications
- Contraindications
- Warnings and Precautions
- Adverse Reactions
- Caution and personalized dose adjustment in patients with the following genotypes
- Drug Interactions
- Nutrition/Nutraceutical Interactions
- Dosage
Brand Names
Europe
Austria: Typherix, Typhim Vi, Vivotif; Belgium: Typherix, Typhim, Vivotif; Bulgaria: Typhim Vi; Cyprus: Typhim Vi; Czech Republic: Typhim Vi; Denmark: Typhim Vi, Vivotif; Estonia: Typheryx, Typhim Vi; Finland: Typherix, Typhim Vi, Vivotif; France: Typherix, Typhim Vi; Germany: Typherix, Typhim Vi; Greece: Vivotif; Hungary: Typherix, Typhim Vi, Ireland: Typherix, Typhim Vi; Italy: Typherix, Typhim Vi, Vivotif; Latvia: Typherix, Typhim Vi; Lithuania: Typherix, Typhim Vi; Luxembourg: Tipheryx, Typhim Vi; Malta: Typherix, Typhim Vi; Netherlands: Typherix, Typhim Vi, Vivotif; Poland: Typhim Vi; Portugal: Typherix, Typhim Vi; Romania: Typherix, Typhim Vi; Slovakia: Typhim Vi; Spain: Typherix, Typhim Vi, Vivotif; Sweden: Typherix, Typhim Vi, Vivotif; UK: Typherix, Typhim Vi, Vivotif.
North America
Canada: Typherix, Typhim Vi, Vivotif; USA: Typhim Vi, Vivotif.
Latin America
Argentina: Typhim Vi.
Drug combinations
Chemistry
Pharmacologic Category
Serums, Toxoids, and Vaccines; Vaccines. (ATC-Code: J07AP).
Mechanism of action
Virulent strains of Salmonella typhi cause disease by penetrating intestinal mucosa and entering systemic circulation via lymphatic vasculature. One possible mechanism of conferring immunity may be provocation of local immune response in intestinal tract induced by oral ingestion of a live strain with subsequent aborted infection. Ability of Salmonella typhi to produce clinical disease (and elicit immune response) dependent on bacteria having complete lipopolysaccharide. Live attenuated Ty21a strain lacks enzyme UDP-4-galactose epimerase so that lipopolysaccharide is only synthesized under conditions which induce bacterial autolysis. Thus, the strain remains avirulent despite production of sufficient lipopolysaccharide to evoke protective immune response. Despite low levels of lipopolysaccharide synthesis, cells lyse before gaining virulent phenotype due to intracellular accumulation of metabolic intermediates.
Therapeutic use
Active immunization against typhoid fever caused by Salmonella typhi.
Pregnancy and lactiation implications
Reproduction studies not conducted. Manufacturer of purified capsular polysaccharide injection suggests delaying vaccination until 2^nd^ or 3^rd^ trimester if possible. Untreated typhoid fever may lead to miscarriage or vertical intrauterine transmission causing neonatal typhoid (rare). Excretion in breast milk unknown (use caution).
Unlabeled use
Contraindications
Hypersensitivity to any component of the vaccine. In addition, oral vaccine contraindicated with congenital or acquired immunodeficient state, acute febrile illness, acute GI illness.
Warnings and precautions
Should not be used to treat typhoid fever. Not all recipients of typhoid vaccine will be fully protected against typhoid fever. Anaphylactoid and/or hypersensitivity reactions might occur during vaccine use. Deferral of administration in moderate or severe acute illness (with or without fever) may be considered; may be administered to patients with mild acute illness (with or without fever). Use with caution in severely immunocompromised patients (may have a reduced response to vaccination), and in history of bleeding disorders and/or patients on anticoagulant therapy (bleeding/hematoma may occur from I.M. administration). Complete immunization schedule must be followed to achieve optimum immune response. Vaccination should be deferred with persistent diarrhea or vomiting.