Zanamivir
- Atc Codes:J05AH01
- CAS Codes:139110-80-8
- PHARMGKB ID:139110-80-8
Table of contents
- Brand Names
- Chemistry
- Pharmacologic Category
- Mechanism of Action
- Therapeutic Use
- Pregnancy and Lactation Implications
- Contraindications
- Warnings and Precautions
- Adverse Reactions
- Drug Interactions
- Dosage
- Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics
Brand Names
Europe
Austria: Relenza; Belgium: Relenza; Bulgaria: Relenza; Czech Republic: Relenza; Denmark: Relenza; Estonia: Relenza; Finland: Relenza; France: Relenza; Germany: Relenza; Ireland: Relenza; Italy: Relenza; Latvia: Relenza; Lithuania: Relenza; Luxembourg: Relenza; Malta: Relenza; Netherlands: Relenza; Poland: Relenza; Portugal: Relenza; Romania: Relenza; Slovakia: Relenza; Slovenia: Relenza; Spain: Relenza; Sweden: Relenza; UK: Relenza.
North America
Canada: Relenza; USA: Relenza.
Latin America
Mexico: Relenza.
Asia
Japan: Relenza.
Drug combinations
Chemistry
Zanamivir: C~12~H~20~N~4~O~7~. Mw: 332.31. (1) D-glycero-D-galacto-non-2-enonic acid, 5-(acetylamino)-4-[(aminoiminomethyl)amino]-2,6-anhydro-3,4,5-trideoxy-; (2) 5-Acetamido-2,6-anhydro-3,4,5-trideoxy-4-guanidino-D-glycero-D-galacto-non-2-enonic acid. CAS-139110-80-8 (1997).
Pharmacologic Category
Antivirals; Neuraminidase Inhibitors. (ATC-Code: J05AH01).
Mechanism of action
Zanamivir inhibits influenza virus neuraminidase enzymes, potentially altering virus particle aggregation and release.
Therapeutic use
Treatment of uncomplicated acute illness due to influenza virus A and B in patients who have been symptomatic for no more than 2 days. Prophylaxis against influenza virus A and B.
Pregnancy and lactiation implications
Crosses placenta in animal models, however, no evidence of fetal malformations demonstrated. There are no adequate, well-controlled studies in pregnant women. Caution when administered to nursing mother (excretion in human milk unknown).
Unlabeled use
Contraindications
Hypersensitivity to zanamivir or any component of the formulation.
Warnings and precautions
Allergic-like reactions, including anaphylaxis, oropharyngeal edema, and serious skin rashes reported. Neuropsychiatric events (confusion, delirium, hallucinations, and/or self-injury) reported (influenza infection may also be associated with behavioral and neurological changes). Bronchospasm, decreased lung function, and other serious adverse reactions, some with fatal outcomes, reported in patients with and without airway disease. Not recommended for use in underlying respiratory disease, such as asthma or COPD, due to lack of efficacy and risk of serious adverse effects. Indicated for children ≥5 years of age (for influenza prophylaxis) and children ≥7 years of age (for influenza treatment). Powder for oral inhalation contains lactose. Not a substitute for annual flu vaccination.